![](data:image/png;base64,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)
62 │
Volumen 12, Número 31, Septiembre-Diciembre 2019, pp. 54 - 63
and lead as environmental pollutants. Sensors and
Actuators B: Chemical, 216, 384-393.
Ensa, A. A., Izadi, M., & Karimi-Maleh, H. (2013).
Sensitive voltammetric determination of diclofenac
using room-temperature ionic liquid-modied
carbon nanotubes paste electrode. Ionics, 19(1), 137–
144. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-012-0705-0
Garay Rairán, F. S., & Camargo Casallas, L. H. (2017).
Avances en electrodos y biosensores elaborados con
nanotubos de carbono Advances in electrodes and
biosensors made from carbon nanotubes. Revista
Cientíca Ingeniería Y Desarrollo, 36(1), 240–258.
https://doi.org/10.14482/inde.36.1.10950
Gómez, S., Biedma, G., Soria, E., & Vivo, M. (2002).
Análisis Electroquímico. Revista de Diagnostico
Biologico, 18-27.
Goyal, R. N., Chatterjee, S., & Rana, A. R. S. (2010). The
effect of modifying an edge-plane pyrolytic graphite
electrode with single-wall carbon nanotubes on its
use for sensing diclofenac. Carbon, 48(14), 4136–
4144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2010.07.024
He, B. S., Wang, J., Liu, J., & Hu, X. M. (2017).
Eco-pharmacovigilance of non-steroidal anti-
inammatory drugs: Necessity and opportunities.
Chemosphere, 181, 178-189. Conocimientos y
practicas
Holm, G., & Snape, J. R. (2013). Implementing
Ecopharmacovigilance in Practice : Challenges and
Potential Opportunities, 533–546. https://doi.
org/10.1007/s40264-013-0049-3
Kalambate, P. K., & Srivastava, A. K. (2016).
Simultaneous voltammetric determination
of paracetamol, cetirizine and phenylephrine
using a multiwalled carbon nanotube-platinum
nanoparticles nanocomposite modied carbon paste
electrode. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 233,
237-248.
Lanas, A., Benito, P., Alonso, J., Hernández-Cruz, B.,
Barón-Esquivias, G., Perez-Aísa, Á., … Gonzalez-
Juanatey, J. R. (2014). Recomendaciones para
una prescripción segura de antiinamatorios no
esteroideos: Documento de consenso elaborado por
expertos nominados por 3 sociedades cientícas
(SER-SEC-AEG). Gastroenterologia Y Hepatologia,
37(3), 107–127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
gastrohep.2013.11.014.
Lindon, A. (2017). Diclofenaco En Buitres: ¿Podría
Provocar El Declive De La Población Española?
Revista Complutense de Ciencias Veterinarias,
11(especial), 253–258. https://doi.org/10.5209/
RCCV.55682.
Loera, M. A. De, Hugo, S., Rodríguez, S., Lucila, I.,
Armando, J., Torre, F., & López-luna, A. (2016).
Ecofarmacovigilancia. Rev.CENIC.Ciencias
Biològicas, 47(1), 12–16.
Marcén, B., Sostres, C., & Lanas, A. (2016). Atención
Primaria EDITORIAL AINE y riesgo digestivo
NSAID and gastrointestinal risk. Atención
Primaria, 48(2), 73–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
aprim.2015.04.008.
Martínez, M; Oliván, L; Chávez, A; Estrada, A; Medina,
S. (2009). Evaluación de la toxicidad producida
por diclofenaco adicionado al agua sobre Daphnia
magna (Tesis de pregrado). Escuela Nacional de
Ciencias Biologicas, Mexico.
Medhi, B., & Sewal, R. (2012). Ecopharmacovigilance:
An issue urgently to be addressed. Indian Journal
of Pharmacology, 44(5), 547. https://doi.
org/10.4103/0253-7613.100363
Miranda, L., Felsner, M. L., Torres, Y. R., Hoss, I., Galli,
A., & Quináia, S. P. (2015). In-House Validation
of Methyltestosterone Determination in Natural
Waters by Voltammetry Using Hanging Mercury
Drop Electrode. Química Nova, 38(3), 419-426.
Quijano-Prieto, D. M., Orozco-Díaz, J. G., & Holguín-
Hernández, E. (2016). Patients’ knowledge and
practices about unconsumed drugs disposal: An
approach to ecopharmacovigilance [Conocimientos
y prácticas de pacientes sobre disposición de
medicamentos no consumidos: Aproximación a la
ecofarmacovigilancia]. Revista de Salud Publica,