Tertiary Education, Entrepreneurship and the Unemployment Rate in the United States between 2001 and 2021

Keywords: Unemployment, Entreprenueurship, Education

Abstract

Unemployment affects all countries (Mncayi and Meyer, 2022), but previous research suggests that it can be reduced by boosting entrepreneurship and boosting tertiary studies. (Baert et al., 2021; Precious and Daniel, 2022). This study aims to know the relationship between tertiary education and entrepreneurship and the unemployment rate, and is studied in the United States between 2001 and 2021 applying a multivariate analysis. The results suggest that tertiary education and Established Entrepreneurial Ownership have a positive impact, while Total Early Stage Entrepreneurial Activity has a negative impact. Keywords: Unemployment, Entrepreneurship and Education  

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Amofah, K. y Saladrigues, R. (2022). Impact of attitude towards Entrepreneurship education and role models on entrepreneurial intention. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship. https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s13731-022-00197- 5.pdf

Aubry, M., Bonnet, J., y Renou-Maissant, P. (2014). Entrepreneurship and the business cycle: the “Schumpeter” effect versus the “refugee” effect—a French appraisal based on regional data. The Annals of Regional Science, 54(1), 23–55. https://econpapers.repec.org/article/spranresc/v_3a54_3ay_3a2015_3ai_3a1_3ap_3a 23-55.htm

Baert, S., Neyt, B., Siedler, T., Tobback, I. y Verhaest, D. (2021). Student internships and employment opportunities after graduation: A field experiment. Economics of Education Review, 83.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0272775721000601

Baert, S. y Verhaest, D. (2021). Work Hard or Play Hard? Degree Class, Student Leadership and Employment Opportunities. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 83(4). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/349397409_Work_Hard_or_Play_Hard_D egree_Class_Student_Leadership_and_Employment_Opportunities

Banco Mundial. Datos. Estados Unidos. https://datos.bancomundial.org/pais/estados- unidos?view=chart

Banco Mundial. (2018). The World Development Report 2018-LEARNING to Realize Education’s Promise. https://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/wdr2018

Bosma, N., Hill, S., Ionescu-Somers, A., Kelley, D., Guerrero, M., Schott, S. y the Global Entrepreneurship Research Association (2021). Global Entrepreneurship Monitor. 2020/2021 Global Report. https://www.gemconsortium.org/report/gem-20202021- global-report

Bourassa-Viau, S., Garon, J. y Haek, C. (2022). Educational choices and labour market outcomes in times of crisis. Economics of Education Review, 88. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0272775722000115

Cavaliere, V., Sassetti, S. y Lombardi, S. (2020). Entrepreneurial alertness and selfperceived employability: a virtuous marriage for career development. Personnel Review, 51(1), 137-158.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/349122689_Entrepreneurial_alertness_and

_self-perceived_employability_a_virtuous_marriage_for_career_development Cedefop. (2016). Improving career prospects for the low-educated: The role of guidance

and lifelong learning. Luxembourg: Publications Office. Cedefop research paper, 54. https://www.cedefop.europa.eu/files/5554_en_0.pdf

De Gregorio, J. (2012). Macroeconomía. Teoría y Políticas. (1ra ed.). Pearson Educación. http://www.degregorio.cl/pdf/Macroeconomia.pdf

De Jorge-Moreno, J. (mayo, 2017). Influencia del emprendimiento sobre el crecimiento económico y la eficiencia: importancia de la calidad institucional y la innovación social desde una perspectiva internacional. Revista de Economía Mundial, 46, 137-

http://uhu.es/publicaciones/ojs/index.php/REM/article/view/3946

Dvouletý, O. (2020). Starting Business Out of Unemployment: How Do Supported Self- employed Individuals Perform? Entrepreneurship Research Journal. https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/erj-2019-0327/html

Fairlie, R. y Fossen, M. (2022). The early impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on business sales. Small Business Economics, 58(4), 1853-1864.

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11187-021-00479-4

Fritsch, M., Sorgen, A. y Wyrwich, M. (2019). Self-employment and well-being across institutional contexts. Journal of business venturing, 34(6). https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0883902618305858

Global Entrepreneurship Monitor. Datos. Comportamiento y actitudes emprendedoras. https://www.gemconsortium.org/data/key-aps

Jumbo, F., González, P. y Flores-Chamba, J. (2020). Efecto del emprendimiento y urbanización en el desempleo: evidencia empírica para 58 países, utilizando técnicas de datos de panel. Revista Económica, 8(1), https://revistas.unl.edu.ec/index.php/economica/article/view/842

Keith, T. (2019). Multiple Regression and Beyond. An Introduction to Multiple Regression and Structural Equation Modeling. (3ra edición). Pearson.

Kuratko, D. y Audretsch, D. (2021). The future of entrepreneurship: the few or the many? Small Business Economics. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11187-021- 00534-0

Miles, J. y Shevlin, M. (2001). Applying Regression and Correlation. A Guide for Students and Researchers. (1ra edición). SAGE Publications Ltd.

Ng, H., Hung, D. y Khan, M. (2019). Effects of personality, education and opportunities on entrepreneurial intentions. Education and Training. https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/ET-02-2019-0040/full/html

Oficina Internacional del Trabajo. (2014). Hacia el derecho al trabajo. una guía para la elaboración de programas públicos de empleo innovadores. https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/--- ed_emp/documents/publication/wcms_563303.pdf

Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económicos. (2019). El trabajo de la OCDE sobre educación y competencias. https://www.oecd.org/education/El-trabajo- de-la-ocde-sobre-educacion-y-competencias.pdf

Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económicos. Datos. Población con educación terciaria. https://data.oecd.org/eduatt/population-with-tertiary- education.htm#indicator-chart

Patel, P. y Wolfe, M. (2020). Not all paths lead to Rome: Self-employment, wellness beliefs, and well-being. Journal of Business Venturing Insights, 14. https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/jobuve/v14y2020ics2352673420300391.html

Rudenko, S., Liashenko, I., Serbin, O. y Demydiuk, O. (2022). Development of creative entrepreneurship in Ukrainian technical universities. Naukovyi Visnyk Natsionalnoho Hirnychoho Universytetu, 1, 153-157. http://nvngu.in.ua/index.php/en/archive/on- the-issues/1875-2022/content-1-2022/6119-153

Salazar, C. y del Castillo, S. (2018). Fundamentos básicos de estadística. (1ra edición). http://www.dspace.uce.edu.ec/bitstream/25000/13720/3/Fundamentos%20B%C3%A 1sicos%20de%20Estad%C3%ADstica-Libro.pdf

Solutions For Youth Employment. (2015). Toward solutions for youth employment. A 2015 Baseline Report.

https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/23261/Summary.pdf?s equence=1&isAllowed=y

Schumpeter, J. A. (1934). The Theory of Economic Development. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Serida, J., Alzamora, J., Guerrero, C., Borda, A., Morales, O. (febrero, 2020). Global Entrepreneurship Monitor. Perú 2018-2019. Centro de Desarrollo Emprendedor, 1, 1-68. https://www.esan.edu.pe/publicaciones/2020/05/07/Final_GEM%202019.pdf

Serida, J., Guerrero, C., Alzamora J. y Borda, A. (octubre, 2018). Global Entrepreneurship Monitor. Perú 2017-2018. Centro de Desarrollo Emprendedor, 1, 1-70. https://www.esan.edu.pe/publicaciones/2018/11/12/GEM%202017- 2018%20FINAL.pdf

Sorgner, A. (2017). The Automation of Jobs: A Threat for Employment or a Source of New Entrepreneurial Opportunities? Foresight and STI Governance, 11(3), 37-48. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320537130_The_Automation_of_Jobs_A_ Threat_for_Employment_or_a_Source_of_New_Entrepreneurial_Opportunities

Véliz, C. (2016). Análisis multivariante: métodos estadísticos multivariantes para la investigación. (1ra edición). CENGAGE Learning - CENTRUM Católica Libros.

Verhaest, D. y Baert, S. (2017). The effects of workplace learning in higher education on employment and match quality: is there an early-career trade-off? Empirical Economics, 55(3), 1229-1270. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00181-017-

-4

Zuniga-Jara, S., Soza-Amigo, S. y Soria-Barreto, K. (2015). Dinámica del emprendimiento y el desempleo en la Patagonia chilena. Magallania, 43(1), 103-115. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/280696270_Dinamica_del_emprendimient o_y_el_desempleo_en_la_Patagonia_chilena

Published
2023-05-27
How to Cite
Pimentel Bernal, P. M., Veliz, J. C., & LAZO, L. (2023). Tertiary Education, Entrepreneurship and the Unemployment Rate in the United States between 2001 and 2021. Science Magazine Unemi, 16(42), 79-89. https://doi.org/10.29076/issn.2528-7737vol16iss42.2023pp79-89p