Neonatal Jaundice at the Latin American Level
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29076/issn.2602-8360vol6iss10.2022pp76-84pKeywords:
complications, risk factors, phototherapy, hyperbilirubinemia, neonatal jaundiceAbstract
Neonatal jaundice is a frequent pathology in neonates that is characterized by the impregnation of bilirubin in the skin, since due to an imbalance in the liver the metabolism is altered and it is not adequately conjugated for its subsequent elimination, leading to an elevation of levels above 5mg/dl. The present work objective is to show the scientific evidence with the most impact at the Latin American level on Ictérica Neonata. A systematic review of the literature was carried out Scopus, Taylor of Francis, ProQuest, PudMed Science Direct, Springer, Medigraphic and Scielo databases. The Descriptors in Health Sciences (DeCS) were used: "neonatal jaundice", "complications", "risk factors", "phototherapy", "prevalence", "kernicterus", "nursing care", and the combination of Boolean operators: “and”, “or” and “not”; the search was extended using terms in English: “neonatal jaundice”, “diagnosis”, “complications”, “prevalence”, “hyperbilirubinemia”, “risk factors”, “nursing care”. With the inclusion criteria: articles of scientific bases in text complete with temporary cut from the year 2016-2021. Results show that neonatal jaundice in Latin America has a prevalence between 60% and 80% in term and premature neonates, with blood incompatibility, prematurity, breastfeeding as risk factors, involving serious complications such as encephalopathies, kernicterus, deafness; however, the nurse has autonomy by applying effective phototherapy for the neonate. It is concluded that phototherapy is an effective process in the jaundiced neonate, decreasing bilirubin levels, conjugating and eliminating it, so timely diagnosis is essential to avoid complications.
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