Oral manifestations in patients with Type II Diabetes

Abstract

Type II diabetes mellitus is characterized by an alteration in glucose metabolism, where the organism develops resistance to insulin action, causing chronic hyperglycemia when adequate treatment is not received. Genetic and hereditary factors constitute significant predispositions for the development of this disease, while sedentary lifestyle, inadequate dietary habits, and obesity represent modifiable risk factors that increase its incidence. The objective of this research was to identify oral manifestations present in patients with type II diabetes through a systematic review using specific descriptors in health sciences. The methodology included consultation of recognized clinical sources such as Clínica Dental Puyuelo, CLÍNICA PFAFF, and MAYO CLINIC, as well as scientific databases: Scielo, redGDPS, RECIAMUC, and Medlineplus, complemented with publications from international organizations such as PAHO and WHO. Forty-eight articles were analyzed applying exclusion criteria through search equations, finally selecting 20 publications to form the study base. The results show that this pathology significantly affects oral health, as the high concentration of glucose in saliva promotes bacterial proliferation, manifesting primarily as periodontal disease, dental caries, and xerostomia. Recommended interventions include maintaining healthy body weight, balanced nutrition, regular physical activity, rigorous oral hygiene, and periodic dental monitoring.