Epidemiology of Encephalitozoon Intestinalisin patients infectedwith the Human Immunodeficiency virus with diarrheic syndrome

Abstract

Parasitosis is considered among the main health problems, in the social and economic areas, with a well-defined epidemiological profile with a serious impact that falls on patients with a depressed immune system who have low levels of lymphocytes or CD4 cells (1). Encephalitozoon intestinalis is a parasite of the group of fungi, whose main symptomatology is to produce chronic diarrhea, its direct transmission is from person to person being also in food and contaminated water. It has been shown that normal diagnostic techniques do not identify the presence of them, requiring specialized methods for their detection. Previous research reports that 82% of patients with human immunodeficiency (HIV) are affected at the level of the digestive system. Publications maintain that the HIV pandemic is on increase, considering that the affectation becomes more latent in Latin American than in Europe. It is proven that Microsporidiasis affects immunocompromised individuals with systemic involvement, essentially involving the digestive, respiratory, biliary, and bone systems, sometimes including the skin. Finally, the prevalence of microsporidia in different countries varies between 8% and 52%, causing significant alterations in our environment, without knowing their frequency data. The aim of this bibliographic review is to show the epidemiological data of Encephalitozoon intestinalis in HIV positive patients, who have developed AIDS, with particularity, chronic diarrheal syndrome, highlighting the severity of the clinical picture that these patients manifest, being able to generate irreversible and lethal damages, leading them to death.