Secondary metabolites, antibacterial activity and lethality of Cymbopogon citratus (lemon verbena) and Melissa officinalis (lemon balm).

Authors

  • Ruth Vélez
  • Haydelba D' Armas R. PhD. Universidad de Oriente
  • Carmita Jaramillo-Jaramillo
  • Elington Vélez

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.29076/issn.2602-8360vol2iss2.2018pp31-39p

Abstract

The specimens of the plant species Cymbopogon citratus (lemon-grass) and Melissa officinalis (lemon-balm), were collected at random in the town of Machala, Ecuador. The leaves were washed, dried, ground and extracted by maceration with methanol; the filtrates concentrated by evaporation at reduced pressure. Each extract was subjected to phytochemical tests and biological tests such as: antimicrobial activity (antibiogram: agar diffusion) and lethality with Artemia salina . Extracts of C. citratus and M. officinalis revealed the presence of unsaturated sterols, pentacyclic triterpenes, phenylpropanoids and catechins. While in M.
officinalis were detected, in addition, coumarins and methylene ketones. The extracts of both species (solutions of 20 and 40 mg / L) showed antibacterial activity against the strains Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, with the exception of the methanolic extracts of M. officinalis (20 mg / L) and C. citratus (40 mg / L) that did not exhibit activity against E. coli. The species C. citratus showed the greatest antibacterial effect against the bacteria P. aeruginosa and S. aureus (halos of inhibition> 15mm). A high antifungal activity of the extract of C. citratus was observed, and a moderate activity of the extract of M. officinalis, against the strain of the fungus Candida albicans. C. citratus and M. officinalis showed significant lethal activity (LC50 <1000 μg / ml) against A. salina nauplii at 24 h exposure: 358.03 and 72.25 μg / ml respectively. The species M. officinalis had the highest lethality, considered highly toxic according to CYTED. From the results obtained, it can be inferred that the plants C . citratus and M . officinalis cultivated in Ecuador are a promising source of bioactive secondary metabolites with pharmacological activity (antimicrobial and cytotoxic). 

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Published

2018-07-16

How to Cite

Secondary metabolites, antibacterial activity and lethality of Cymbopogon citratus (lemon verbena) and Melissa officinalis (lemon balm). (2018). FACSALUD-UNEMI, 2(2), 31-39. https://doi.org/10.29076/issn.2602-8360vol2iss2.2018pp31-39p