PREVENCIÓN BASADA EN EL APEGO Y LA FAMILIA: UNA REVISIÓN SISTEMÁTICA DE ESTUDIOS LONGITUDINALES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29076/issn.2602-8379vol9iss16.2025pp%25ppPalabras clave:
prevención , apego , familia , revisión sistemática , longitudinalResumen
El sistema de apego se conforma en relaciones familiares cercanas y cumple funciones fundamentales en el desarrollo psicológico. Por ello, esta revisión sistemática tuvo como objetivo describir asociaciones y predicciones de estudios longitudinales sobre la prevención basada en el apego con muestras de al menos una unidad familiar (UF), publicados entre el 2002 y 2023, rastreados hasta el 23 de julio del 2023 en: Scopus; Web of Science; ProQuest Central; Science Direct; PubMed; PsycNet, y Scholar Google. Se presentan los resultados de los 24 trabajos incluidos (n = 5124 UF) que describen 11 programas preventivos. Los resultados mostraron que los programas informaron eficacia e impacto preventivo positivo a largo plazo sobre dimensiones claves asociadas al apego y al funcionamiento familiar, como: mayor seguridad en el apego, incremento de la sensibilidad parental, disminución de la conflictivo familiar, aumento de las capacidades parentales y disminución de la sintomatología. Por otro lado, la inseguridad en el apego se predijo por factores contextuales (riesgo psicosocial y económico, disfuncionalidad familiar y sintomatología de los cuidadores) y por prácticas de crianza insensibles y duras. Se discuten las limitaciones sobre los contextos
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