ASSESSMENT OF THE GROUNDWATER QUALITY IN LA PEAÑA PARISH, EL ORO PROVINCE, ECUADOR
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29076/issn.2528-7737vol12iss31.2019pp64-73pAbstract
Groundwater is a limited resource with a high vulnerability to natural or anthropogenic factors that may alter its physical, chemical and biological attributes; and make this resource unsuitable for human activities including agriculture. This aspect motivated this research, and its objective was to evaluate the groundwater of the parish of La Peaña, in the province of El Oro (Ecuador). For this purpose, 22 wells located in several banana farms were chosen, where samples were taken to determine colour and odour properties, as well as pH value, electrical conductivity, and temperature. Ten subsamples were also chosen to which biological analyses of total coliforms, Escherichia coli and heavy metals were carried out: Hg. Pb. As. As. Cd and Mn. The results showed an odourless and transparent colour in more than 80% of the wells. The pH value range 7.28-8.27 showed a tendency towards alkalinity, with a slight presence of salinity due to its low EC (range, 0.17-0.39 mS m). Coliform bacteria were in six wells with levels above 30 CFU ml-1). The metals Hg, Pb, As and Cd obtained averages of 0.29 ug l-1, 5 ug l-1; 10.00 ug l-1 and 0.80 ug l-1, respectively, while Mn showed the greatest variability with a range of 0.06-1240 ug l-1. It is recommended not to use water with high levels of total coliforms in the banana post-harvest process.
Downloads
References
Affum, A. O., Osae, S. D., Nyarko, B. J. B., Afful, S., Fianko, J. R., Akiti, T. T., … Affum, E. A. (2015). Total coliforms, arsenic and cadmium exposure through drinking water in the Western Region of Ghana: application of multivariate statistical technique to groundwater quality. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 187(2). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-014-4167-x
Ahamad, A., Madhav, S., Singh, P., Pandey, J., & Khan, A. H. (2018). Assessment of groundwater quality with special emphasis on nitrate contamination in parts of Varanasi City, Uttar Pradesh, India. Applied Water Science, 8(4), 115. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-018-0759-x
Ali, M. M., Ali, M. L., Islam, M. S., & Rahman, M. Z. (2016). Preliminary assessment of heavy metals in water and sediment of Karnaphuli River, Bangladesh. Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring & Management, 5, 27–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enmm.2016.01.002
Annapoorna, H., & Janardhana, M. R. (2015). Assessment of Groundwater Quality for Drinking Purpose in Rural Areas Surrounding a Defunct Copper Mine. Aquatic Procedia, 4(Icwrcoe), 685–692. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aqpro.2015.02.088
Aznar Jiménez, A. (2000). Determinación de los parámetros fisico-químicos de calidad de las aguas. Gestión Ambiental. Retrieved from http://ocw.uc3m.es/ingenieria-quimica/ingenieria-ambiental/otros-recursos-1/OR-F-001.pdf
Baldock, J. (1982). Geología del Ecuador: Boletín de Explicación del Mapa geológico de la República del Ecuador. (IGM, Ed.). Quito: Dirección General de Geología y Minas.
Baque Mite, R., Simba Ochoa, L., Gonzalez Osorio, B., Suatunce, P., Diaz Ocampo, E., & Cadme Arevalo, L. (2016). Calidad del agua destinada al consumo humano en un cantón de Ecuador. Ciencia Unemi, 9(20), 109. https://doi.org/10.29076/issn.2528-7737vol9iss20.2016pp109-117p
Bhardwaj, R., Gupta, A., & Garg, J. K. (2017). Evaluation of heavy metal contamination using environmetrics and indexing approach for River Yamuna, Delhi stretch, India. Water Science, 31(1), 52–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wsj.2017.02.002
Chavez, E., He, Z. L., Stoffella, P. J., Mylavarapu, R. S., Li, Y. C., & Baligar, V. C. (2016). Chemical speciation of cadmium: An approach to evaluate plant-available cadmium in Ecuadorian soils under cacao production. Chemosphere, 150, 57–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.02.013
Chowdhury, S., Mazumder, M. A. J., Al-Attas, O., & Husain, T. (2016). Heavy metals in drinking water: Occurrences, implications, and future needs in developing countries. Science of The Total Environment, 569–570, 476–488. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.06.166
Cruz-Rodrigues, C., Mecca, T. P., de Oliveira, D. G., Ueki, K., Bueno, O. F. A., & de Macedo, E. C. (2014). Evaluación del riesgo a la contaminación de los acuíferos de la Reserva Biológica de Limoncocha, Amazonía Ecuatoriana. Ambiente e Agua, 66(2), 17–35. https://doi.org/10.4136/1980-993X
EPA. (1994). Determination of metals and trace elements in water and wastes by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. Method 200.7.
ESPOL TECH. (2014). Mapa Hidrogeológico de Machala. Guayaquil, Ecuador: SENAGUA.
Khatri, N., & Tyagi, S. (2015). Influences of natural and anthropogenic factors on surface and groundwater quality in rural and urban areas. Frontiers in Life Science, 8(1), 23–39. https://doi.org/10.1080/21553769.2014.933716
Luna-romero, A., Sanchez, C., Ramirez-Morales, I., Conde-Solano, J., Agurto-Luisa, & Villaseñor-Ortiz, D. (2018). Spatio-temporal distribution of precipitation in the Jubones river basin , Distribución espacio-temporal de la precipitación en la cuenca del río Jubones , Ecuador : 1975-2013 Spatio-temporal distribution of precipitation in the. Scientia Agricola, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.17268/sci.agropecu.2018.01.07
Malki, M., Bouchaou, L., Mansir, I., Benlouali, H., & Nghira, A. (2017). Wastewater treatment and reuse for irrigation as alternative resource for water safeguarding in Souss-Massa region , Morocco. European Water, 59, 365–371.
Moreno, J., Sevillano, G., Valverde, O., Loayza, V., Haro, R., & Zambrano, J. (2016). Soil from the Coastal Plane. In J. Espinosa, J. Moreno, & G. Bernal (Eds.), The Soils of Ecuador (pp. 1–195). Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20541-0
Robert, M., Thomas, A., Sekhar, M., Badiger, S., Ruiz, L., Willaume, M., … Bergez, J.-E. (2017). Farm Typology in the Berambadi Watershed (India): Farming Systems Are Determined by Farm Size and Access to Groundwater. Water, 9(1), 51. https://doi.org/10.3390/w9010051
SENAGUA. (2014). Elaboración del Mapa Hidrogeológico a escala 1:250.000. Guayaquil, Ecuador.
Sinaga, D. M., Robson, M. G., Gasong, B. T., Halel, A. G., & Pertiwi, D. (2016). Fecal Coliform Bacteria and Factors Related to its Growth at the Sekotong Shallow Wells, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Public Health of Indonesia, 2(2), 47–54. Retrieved from http://stikbar.org/ycabpublisher/index.php/PHI/index
Spracklen, D. V., & Righelato, R. (2016). Carbon storage and sequestration of re-growing montane forests in southern Ecuador. Forest Ecology and Management, 364, 139–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2016.01.001
Villaseñor, D., Chabla, J., & Luna, E. (2015). Caracterización física y clasificación taxonómica de algunos suelos dedicados a la actividad agricola de la provinica del El Oro. Cumbres, 1(2), 28–34.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Authors can keep the copyright, granting the journal right of first publication. Alternatively, authors can transfer copyright to the journal, which allow authors non-commercial use of the work, including the right to place it in a file open access.
