SALUD MENTAL Y BIENESTAR PSICOLÓGICO EN TRABAJADORES MINEROS. UNA REVISIÓN SISTEMÁTICA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29076/issn.2602-8379vol6iss11.2022pp192-207pPalabras clave:
Minería, trabajadores mineros, salud mental, bienestar psicológico, impacto psicológicoResumen
Resumen; El trabajo minero es de alto riesgo, no solo para la salud física de sus trabajadores, sino que especialmente para la salud mental de los mismos. La presente investigación obedece a una revisión sistemática, teniendo como objetivo analizar el impacto en la salud mental y el bienestar psicológico de los trabajadores mineros en el marco de su actividad laboral. El análisis de los artículos científicos se realizó según la Declaración PRISMA, considerando metabuscadores y base de datos científicas como: Redib, Doaj, Redalyc, Dialnet, SciELO, Scopus, Ebsco y Pubmed. Debido a que las investigaciones sobre la relación entre salud mental y trabajadores mineros en español resultan ser escasas, en general los artículos seleccionados son abordados desde el idioma inglés. Los resultados obtenidos advierten que el trabajo minero impacta de manera silenciosa pero directa en la salud mental y bienestar psicológico de sus trabajadores, especialmente considerando la prevalencia en trastornos de ansiedad, depresión y estrés ocupacional, generado principalmente por el aislamiento social y las tensiones en la conciliación trabajo- familia debido a los turnos de trabajo (FIFO- DIDO). Dentro de las principales sintomatologías se encuentran el agotamiento laboral, la angustia psicológica, los trastornos del sueño, el abuso de alcohol, la despersonalización y las ideaciones suicidas, las que generan conductas de riesgo en el desarrollo de sus tareas y de sus compañeros de trabajo.
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