MOOD, ANXIETY, AND DEPRESSION IN MEDICAL COLLEGE STUDENTS DURING THE COVID-19 HEALTH CRISIS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29076/issn.2602-8379vol5iss9.2021pp10-20pKeywords:
Mood, Anxiety, Depression, College students, COVID-19Abstract
Abstract: The objective of this research was to know the relationship between mood states and symptoms of anxiety and depression, in a sample of medical students from a public university in Ecuador, during the COVID-19 pandemic. For this, a non-experimental design methodology was used, with a descriptive, correlational and cross-sectional scope. The research was carried out through the use of the Mood Assessment scales (EVEA) and the Goldberg Anxiety and Depression Questionnaire. 429 participants between the ages of 18 and 60 took part in the study (Ẋ = 20.1 years, s = 0.83). Among the results, it was found that positive mood states prevail significantly (Joy); although there is the presence of anxiety (5.12) and depression (1.75) behaviors, with a higher incidence of anxiety symptoms. Finally, the study indicates that there are high, moderate and low relationships between sadness-depression, anger-hostility, anxiety and joy moods and anxiety and depression behaviors. It is concluded that mood states are predictors of the presence of anxiety and depression conditions in the university population.
Downloads
References
Abarca, M. T., Hernández, A. M., & Barriguete, P. J. (2020). Estado emocional durante el aisalmiento por COVID-19. Milenaria, Ciencia y arte, 16, 5-8.
Ato, M., López, J., & Benavente, A. (2013). Un sistema de clasificación de los diseños de investigación en psicología. Anales de Psicología, 29(3), 1038-1059. https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.29.3.178511.
Asociación Estadounidense de Psiquiatría. (2014). Manual diagnóstico y estadístico de los trastornos mentales (DSM-5) . Madrid: Editorial Médica Panamericana.
Beedie, C. J., Terry, P. C., & Lane, A. M. (2005). Distinctions between emotion and mood. Cognition and Emotion, 19(6), 847–878. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930541000057.
Cacciapaglia, G., Corentin, C., & Sannino, F. (2020). Second Wave COVID-19 Pandemics in Europe: A Temporal Playbook. Scientific Reports, 10(1), 15514. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-72611-5.
Castro, W. P., & Pérez, J. M. (2010). La escala de valoración del estado de ánimo (EVEA): análisis de la estructura factorial y de la capacidad para detectar cambios en estados de ánimo. Análisis y modificación de conducta, 36(153), 19-32.
Caycho-Rodríguez, T., Barboza-Palomino, M., Ventura-León, J., Carbajal-León, C., Noé-Grijalva, M., Gallegos, M., . . . Vivanco-Vidal, A. (2020). Traducción al español y validación de una medida breve de ansiedad por la COVID-19 en estudiantes de ciencias de ciencias de la salud. Ansiedad y Estrés, 26(2-3), 174-180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anyes.2020.08.001.
Caycho-Rodríguez, T., Valencia, P. D., Vilca, L. W., Cervigni, M., Gallegos, M., Martino, P., . . . Burgos Videla, C. (2021). Cross-cultural measurement invariance of the fear of COVID-19 scale in seven Latin American countries. Death Studies, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481187.2021.1879318.
Conti, E., Sgandurra, G., De Nicola, G., Biagioni, T., Boldrini, S., Bonaventura, E., . . . Battini, R. (2020). Behavioural and emotional changes during COVID-19 lockdown in an italian paediatric population with neurologic and psychiatric disorders. Brain Sciences, 10(12), 918. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10120918.
Cuestas, E. (2020). La pandemia por el nuevo coronavirus COVID-19. Revista de La Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de Córdoba, 77(1), 1-3. https://doi.org/10.31053/1853.0605.v77.n1.27935.
Diaz, M., Amato, R., Chávez, J. G., Ramirez, M., Rangel, S., Rivera, L., & López, J. (2013). Depresión y ansiedad en embarazadas. Salus, 17(2), 32-40.
Duch, F. R., Ruiz de Porras, L., Gimeno, D., Allué, B., & Palou, I. (1999). Psicometría de la ansiedad, la depresión y el alcoholismo en Atención Primaria. Semergen , 25(3), 209-225.
Ernstsen, L., & Havnen, A. (2020). Mental health and sleep disturbances in physically active adults during the COVID-19 lockdown in Norway: does change in physical activity level matter? Sleep medicine, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2020.08.030.
Fisher, A. J., Reeves, J. W., Lawyer, G., Medaglia, J. D., & Rubel, J. A. (2017). Exploring the idiographic dynamics of mood and anxiety via network analysis. Journal of abnormal psychology, 126(8), 1044. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/abn0000311.
Flórez, J., Corrales, C., Gutiérrez, C., Mira, C., Paniagua, J., & Giraldo, A. (2019). Autopercepción del estado de ánimo y presencia de ansiedad y depresión en estudiantes universitarios. Revista de Psicología: (Universidad de Antioquía), 11(1), 61-92. https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rp.v11n1a03.
Gaibor-González, I., & Moreta-Herrera, R. (2020). Optimismo disposicional, ansiedad, depresión y estrés en una muestra del Ecuador. Análisis inter-género y de predicción. Actualidades en Psicología, 34(129), 17-31. https://doi.org/10.15517/ap.v34i129.35148.
Goldberg, D. (1978). Manual del General Health Questionnaire. Windsor: NFER Publishing.
Greenberger, D., & Padesky, C. (1998). Control de tu Estado de Ánimo. Barcelona: Paidos Iberica, Ediciones S. A.
Hope, V., & Henderson, M. (2014). Medical student depression, anxiety and distress outside North America: a systematic review. Medical Education in Review, 48(10), 963–979. Doi: doi.org/10.1111/medu.12512.
Iacovella, J., & Troglia, M. (2003). La hostilidad y su relación con los trastornos cardiovasculares. Psico-USF, 8(1), 53–61. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1413-82712003000100008.
IBM Corp. (2012). IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.
Islam, M. A., Barna, S. D., Raihan, H., Khan, M. N., & Hossain, M. T. (2020). Depression and anxiety among university students during the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh: A web-based cross-sectional survey. PloS one, 15(8), e0238162. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0238162.
Isumi, A., Doi, S., Yamaoka, Y., Takahashi, K., & Fujiwara, T. (2020). Do suicide rates in children and adolescents change during school closure in Japan? The acute effect of the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic on child and adolescent mental health. Child abuse & neglect, 110, 104680. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104680.
Johns Hopkins University. (2020). Coronavirus Resource Center. Obtenido de Jhon Hopkins University & Medicine: https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/
Khodarahimi, S., & Fathi, R. (2016). Mental health, coping styles, and risk-taking behaviors in young adults. Journal of Forensic Psychology Practice, 16(4), 287-303. Doi:10.1080/15228932.2016.1196101.
Kontoangelos, K., Economou, M., & Papageorgiou, C. (2020). Mental health effects of COVID-19 pandemia: a review of clinical and psychological traits. Psychiatry investigation, 17(6), 491-505. https://doi.org/10.30773/pi.2020.0161.
Lamers, F., Swendsen, J., Cui, L., Husky, M., Johns, J., Zipunnikov, V., & Merikangas, K. R. (2018). Mood reactivity and affective dynamics in mood and anxiety disorders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 127(7), 659. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/abn0000378.
Lechner, W. V., Laurene, K. R., Patel, S., Anderson, M., Grega, C., & Kenne, D. R. (2020). Changes in alcohol use as a function of psychological distress and social support following COVID-19 related University closings. Addictive behaviors, 110, 106527. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106527.
López, M. V., González, N. I., López, A., Palos, P., & Oudhof, H. (2012). Depresión en adolescentes: El papel de los sucesos vitales estresantes. Salud Mental, 35(1), 37-43.
López, P. M., Padilla, J. G., Chida, J. L., & Hallo, B. M. (2019). La escuela: los estados de ánimo depresivos en los educandos. Revista de Comunicación de la SEECI, 23(48), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.15198/seeci.2019.48.1-16.
Mayorga-Lascano, M., & Moreta-Herrera, R. (2019). Síntomas clínicos, subclínicos y necesidades de atencion psicológica en estudiantes universitarios con bajo rendimiento/Psychological Care Needs for Underperforming College Students with Clinical and Subclinical Symptoms. Educación, 43(2), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.15517/REVEDU.V43I2.32239.
Moreira, J. F., & Telzer, E. H. (2015). Changes in family cohesion and links to depression during the college transition. Journal of adolescence, 43, 72-82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2015.05.012.
Moreta-Herrera, R., López-Calle, C., Ramos-Ramírez, M., & López-Castro, J. (2018). Estructura factorial y fiabilidad del Cuestionario de Salud General de Goldberg (GHQ-12) en universitarios ecuatorianos. Revista Argentina de Ciencias del Comportamiento, 10(3), 35-42. https://doi.org/10.32348/1852.4206.v10.n3.20405.
Nahum, M., Van Vleet, T. M., Sohal, V. S., Mirzabekov, J. J., Rao, V. R., Wallace, D. L., . . . Chang, E. F. (2017). Immediate Mood Scaler: tracking symptoms of depression and anxiety using a novel mobile mood scale. JMIR mHealth and uHealth, 5(4), e44. https://doi.org/10.2196/mhealth.6544.
Orozco, W. N., & Baldares, M. J. (2012). Trastornos de ansiedad: revisión dirigida para atención primaria. Revista Médica de Costa Rica y Centroamérica, 69(604), 497-507.
Ospina-Ospina, F., Hinestrosa-Upegui, M., Paredes, M., Guzman, Y., & Granado, C. (2011). Síntomas de ansiedad y depresión en adolescentes escolarizados de 10 a 17 años en Chía, Colombia. Revista Salud pública, 13(6), 908-920.
Pierce, M., Hope, H., Ford, T., Hatch, S., Hotopf, M., John, A., . . . Abel, K. M. (2020). Mental health before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: a longitudinal probability sample survey of the UK population. The Lancet Psychiatry, 7(10), 883-892. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30308-4.
Ramírez-Giraldo, A., Hernández-Bustamante, O., Romero-Acosta, K., & Porras-Mendoza, E. (2017). Trastornos de ansiedad y del estado de ánimo en personas víctimas del conflicto armado en Colombia: el caso de Chengue y de Libertad. Psicología desde el Caribe, 34(1), 30-41. http://dx.doi.org/10.14482/psdc.33.2.7290.
Rao, V. R., Sellers, K. K., Wallace, D. L., Lee, M. B., Bijanzadeh, M., Sani, O. G., . . . Chang, E. F. (2018). Direct electrical stimulation of lateral orbitofrontal cortex acutely improves mood in individuals with symptoms of depression. Current Biology, 28(24), 3893-3902. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2018.10.026.
Reivan-Ortiz, G., Pineda-Garcia, G., & Bello-Parías, L. (2019). Psychometric Properties of The Goldberg Anxiety and Depression Scale (GADS) In Ecuadorian Population. International Journal Psichological Research, 12(1), 41-48.
Rogers, A. A., Ha, T., & Ockey, S. (2021). Adolescents' Perceived Socio-Emotional Impact of COVID-19 and Implications for Mental Health: Results From a US-Based Mixed-Methods Study. Journal of Adolescent Health, 68(1), 43-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.09.039.
Saddik, B., Hussein, A., Sharif-Askari, F. S., Kheder, W., Temsah, M. H., Koutaich, R. A., . . . Halwani, R. (2020). Increased levels of anxiety among medical and non-medical university students during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Arab Emirates. Risk Management and Healthcare Policy, 13, 2395. https://dx.doi.org/10.2147%2FRMHP.S273333.
Salari, N., Hosseinian-Far, A., Jalali, R., Vaisi-Raygani, A., Rasoulpoor, S., Mohammadi, M., . . . Khaledi-Paveh, B. (2020). Prevalence of stress, anxiety, depression among the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta.
Santabárbara, J., Lasheras, I., Lipnicki, D. M., Bueno-Notivol, J., Pérez-Moreno, M., López-Antón, R., . . . Gracia-García, P. (2021). Prevalence of anxiety in the COVID-19 pandemic: An updated meta-analysis of community-based studies. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, 109, 110207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110207.
Sanz, J. (2001). Un instrumento para valuar la eficacia de los procedimientos de inducción de estado de ánimo: “La Escala de Valoración del Estado de Ánimo” (EVEA). Análisis y modificación de conducta, 27, 71- 110.
Sanz, M. B.-T., Rivera, J. J., de Molina Ortiz, F. G., Camps, A. S., ..., & Delgado, M. C. (2020). Recomendaciones de «hacer» y «no hacer» en el tratamiento de los pacientes críticos ante la pandemia por coronavirus causante de COVID-19 de los Grupos de Trabajo de la Sociedad Española de Medicina Intensiva, Crítica y Unidades Coronarias (SEMICYUC). Medicina Intensiva, 44(6), 371-388.
Saravia-Bartra, M., Cazorla-Saravia, P., & Cedillo-Ramirez, L. (2020). Anxiety level of first-year medical students in a private university in peru during COVID-19. Rev. Fac. Med. Hum., 20(4), 568-573. https:/doi.org/10.25176/RFMH.v20i4.3198.
Schuch, S., Zweerings, J., Hirsch, P., & Koch, I. (2017). Conflict adaptation in positive and negative mood: Applying a success-failure manipulation. Acta Psychologica, 176, 11-22.
Sustaeta, P. B., Salas-García, B., De San Jorge-Cárdenas, X., del Carmen Gogeascoechea-Trejo, M., Pavón-León, P., Blázquez-Morales, M. L., . . . León, M. C. (2020). Patrones de consumo de mariguana, abastecimiento y estado de ánimo durante el confinamiento por COVID-19. Revista internacional de investigación en adicciones, 6(2), 25-34. https://doi.org/10.28931/riiad.2020.2.04.
Tembo, C., Burns, S., & Kalembo, F. (2017). The association between levels of alcohol consumption and mental health problems and academic performance among young university students. PLoS One, 12(6), e0178142. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0178142.
Van Rheenen, T. E., Meyer, D., Neill, E., Phillipou, A., Tan, E. J., Toh, W. L., & Rossell, S. L. (2020). Mental health status of individuals with a mood-disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia: Initial results from the COLLATE project. Journal of affective disorders, 275, 69-77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.06.037.
Wang, X., Hegde, S., Son, C., Keller, B., Smith, A., & Sasangohar, F. (2020). nvestigating mental health of US college students during the COVID-19 pandemic: cross-sectional survey study. Journal of medical Internet research, 22(9), e22817. https://doi.org/10.2196/22817.
Wathelet, M., Duhem, S., Vaiva, G., Baubet, T., Habran, E., Veerapa, E., & D’Hondt, F. (2020). Factors associated with mental health disorders among university students in France confined during the COVID-19 pandemic. JAMA network open, 3(10), e202559.
Zhu, N., Zhang, D., Wang, W., Li, X., Yang, B., Song, J., . . . Tan, W. (2020). A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019. New England Journal of Medicine, 382(8), 727–733. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2001017.
Zolotov, Y., Reznik, A., Bender, S., & Isralowitz, R. (2020). COVID-19 Fear, Mental Health, and Substance Use Among Israeli University Students. Int J Ment Health Addiction, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00351-8.
Zuñiga, A., Sandoval, M., Urbina, C., Juárez, N., & Villaseñor, S. (2005). Los trastornos del estado de ánimo. Revista Digital Universitaria, 6(11), 2-14.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Esta obra está bajo licencia internacional Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-SinObrasDerivadas 4.0.
Todos los artículos de la Revista FACSalud UNEMI son difundidos bajo licencia internacional Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-SinObrasDerivadas 4.0.
Los autores mantienen los derechos de autor, y, por lo tanto, son libres de compartir, copiar, distribuir, ejecutar y comunicar públicamente la obra bajo las condiciones siguientes: Reconocer los créditos de la obra especificada por el autor e indicar si se realizaron cambios (puede hacerlo de cualquier forma razonable, pero no de una manera que sugiera que el autor respalda el uso que hace de su obra. No utilizar la obra para fines comerciales. En caso de remezcla, transformación o desarrollo, no puede distribuirse el material modificado.
