Optimization of operating conditions for raw materials in the production of black soap
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29076/issn.2528-7737vol19iss51.2026pp81-92pKeywords:
black soap, artisanal soap, Jatropha curcas L, cocoa shell ashAbstract
The production of black soap is part of the tradition of several communities in Ecuador. The objective of this study was to determine the optimal treatment conditions for raw materials to obtain black soap from pine nuts (Jatropha curcas L.) and cocoa shell ash. The same experiment was conducted in parallel using KOH instead of ash. First, a Soxhlet extraction of the seed fat was performed. Second, using an experimental design, it was found that the optimal combination of ash and water yielded an average KOH concentration of 11% over two days. With these data established, saponification experiments were conducted using the fat from 50 grams of seeds in KOH solutions over a time range of 105 to 255 minutes. Free alkalinity in the form of KOH was considered the response variable. The statistically optimal results of the experiments correspond to the use of 11 g of KOH and, in the case of lye, 22 g of hydroxides. Finally, the type of soap obtained was identified according to the INEN standard
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