Bibliometric analysis of the scientific evolution of Parkinson's disease and its diagnosis through biochemical biomarkers
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29076/issn.2602-8360vol10iss18.2026pp139-152pKeywords:
Bibliometrics, Parkinson's disease, clinical heterogeneity, cerebrospinal fluid, plasma NfLAbstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a leading cause of neurological disability worldwide, characterized by its chronic progression and lack of a cure. In this context, this study aimed to analyze the scientific evolution of PD and its diagnosis using biochemical biomarkers through a retrospective, descriptive bibliometric analysis with a quantitative approach, based on the 2020 PRISMA guidelines. This analysis evaluated 9,983 initial records in PubMed, of which 49 were included after screening. The results showed a sustained increase in publications, rising from 874 in 2015 to 1,390 in 2025, with China (n=9,643) and the United States (n=7,726) being the most represented. The network of co-occurrences reflected the integration of clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic approaches, while the thematic map showed a shift towards more specialized lines of research. Furthermore, the clinical heterogeneity of PD was confirmed, and biomarkers with high sensitivity were identified, such as LRRK2 (Leucine-Rich Repeat Kinase 2) (95.4%) and plasma NfL (Neurofilament Light Chains in Plasma) (91.5%), as well as high specificity for beta-amyloid (91.1%) and ApoA1 (Apolipoprotein A-1) (91%). Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers showed greater diagnostic accuracy. In conclusion, PD research has evolved toward an integrative approach that requires standardization and scientific collaboration.
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